- Tekelioğlu Cad. 1947. Sk. No:29/3 Antalya
- +90 543 913 65 95
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Tekelioğlu Caddesi, 1947. Sk. Kayıkent Sitesi D:1.A Blok No:29/3 Muratpaşa/Antalya
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+90 543 913 65 95
info@drsemakoc.com
Possible Causes of Head and Neck Cancer
Tobacco and Alcohol Use
The primary risk factors for head and neck cancer are tobacco and alcohol use, especially when combined. Smoking cigarettes, cigars, or pipes, as well as chewing tobacco, significantly increase the risk. Heavy alcohol consumption, particularly when coupled with tobacco use, further elevates this risk.
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
Certain types of HPV, a sexually transmitted infection, are associated with an increased risk of head and neck cancer. HPV-related cancers in the head and neck region often occur in the oropharynx (back of the throat) and are more prevalent in younger individuals.
Exposure to Radiation
Previous radiation therapy in the head and neck area, commonly used to treat other cancers, can raise the risk of developing head and neck cancer later on.
Occupational Exposures
Some occupational exposures, like working with asbestos or wood dust, may heighten the risk of head and neck cancer, especially in the nasal and sinus regions.
Poor Oral Hygiene
Chronic poor oral hygiene practices and the use of betel quid (a mixture of areca nut, slaked lime, and other substances) are linked to an increased risk of oral cavity cancer.
Diet and Nutrition
A diet lacking in fruits and vegetables may increase the risk of head and neck cancer. Deficiencies in nutrients and antioxidants in the diet can contribute to the development of these cancers.
Treatment Options for Head and Neck Cancer:
The treatment approach for head and neck cancer depends on factors such as the cancer type, stage, location, and the patient’s overall health. Common treatment options include:
Surgery:
Surgical removal of the tumor is a standard treatment for head and neck cancer. Depending on the cancer’s extent, surgery may involve removing a portion of the affected area or reconstructing affected tissues.
Radiation Therapy:
High-energy beams target and eliminate cancer cells. Radiation therapy can be used alone or combined with surgery and/or chemotherapy.
Chemotherapy:
Drugs, administered orally or intravenously, are used to destroy cancer cells or slow their growth. Chemotherapy is often combined with radiation therapy.
Targeted Therapy:
Specific drugs target genetic mutations in certain head and neck cancers, inhibiting cancer cell growth.
Immunotherapy:
Immunotherapy drugs boost the patient’s immune system to identify and attack cancer cells. This approach is effective in some head and neck cancers, particularly those associated with HPV.
Rehabilitation:
After treatment, patients may need rehabilitation to address speech and swallowing difficulties caused by the cancer and treatment.
Nutritional Support:
Nutritional counseling and dietary adjustments help patients maintain strength and nutrition during treatment.
Early detection and timely treatment are crucial for improving outcomes and quality of life in head and neck cancer patients.
Regular check-ups, lifestyle changes (like quitting smoking and reducing alcohol intake), and HPV vaccination (where applicable) are vital for prevention and early intervention.